Large-scale robotization is becoming one of the challenges of modern society. Jurisprudence in general and criminal law in particular cannot remain aloof from the challenges associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence in all spheres of public life. The process of forming the legal space has begun, but there is no comprehensive approach to solving the problem, since scientists consider robots within the framework of only those social relations that are part of the subject of the relevant branch of law. In this regard, there is a lag in the development, for example, of criminal law norms, since the process of determining the civil law status of a robot is not completed, and the construction of the concept of criminal law risks in robotics and artificial intelligence depends on it. The paper attempts to describe the criminal legal risks of using robotics and artificial intelligence for public security, to assess the available criminal legal means of counteracting the onset of socially dangerous consequences in the absence of adequate measures, to propose directions for improving the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.