The paper justifies the fact that main principles of the jury trial foundation set out in the "notes" by Dmitriy Rovinsky, Sergey Zarudny and Nikolay Tsiolkovsky eventually formed the basis of the Russian legislation regarding a jury trial having formed its conceptual basis, and Dmitriy Rovinsky, Sergey Zarudny and Nikolay Tsiolkovsky played a key role in providing theoretical justification and development of the idea of necessity and viability of the jury trial foundation in Russia during the period of Judicial Reform 1864 preparation. Advanced principles and institutions underlying the domestic jury trial legislation that was passed in 1864, were determined not immediately. The introduction of a jury trial in the Russian Empire was preceded by long enough and complex legislative work. The work was carried out by Moscow Governorate Prosecutor Dmitriy Rovinskiy, Secretary of the State Council Sergey Zarudny and Ober-Procurator of the General Meeting of the Moscow Senate Departments Nikolay Butskovskiy. Developing the project "Fundamental Provisions of the Judiciary Reform in Russia" in 1862 as a judicial reform program, lawyers did not mechanically borrow the institutes of European countries, but applied only those correspondent to the Russian reality. Meanwhile, the institutes were being transformed in accordance with the traditoons and customs of the country. Essential judicial transformations were evaluated from theoretical and practical points of view. "The Fathers" of the judicial reform were well aware of the fact that a jury trial had a lot of opponents. Thus, they saw their primary goal in providing its comprehensive justification. Different arguments, including the arguments that were based on Russian history, were given in favor of a jury trial. Priority had been given to the historical method of proving particularly contentious institutions, search for their origins in the distant and near past of the country.