aprpАктуальные проблемы российского праваActual Problems of Russian Law1994-14712782-1862MSAL10.17803/1994-1471.2021.126.5.195-204aprp-2597Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВОINTERNATIONAL LAWРоль обычного международного права в регулировании деятельности вооружённых групп в области прав человекаThe Role of Customary International Law in Regulating the Activities of Armed Groups in the Field of Human RightsШариповР. И.SharipovR. I.

Руслан Ильдарович Шарипов, аспирант кафедры международного и европейского права Юридического факультета 

Кремлевская ул., д. 18, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420008

Postgraduate Student, Department of International and European Law, Faculty of Law

ul. Kremlevskaya, d. 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan,  420008

sharipov.ruslan.ild@mail.ruКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетKazan (Volga Region) Federal University202120042021165195204Copyright © Шарипов Р.И., 20212021Шарипов Р.И.Sharipov R.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://aprp.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2597

В течение последних десятилетий наблюдается значительный рост числа вооружённых групп, участвующих в вооружённых конфликтах по всему миру, а также их влияния на права и свободы населения, находящегося под их контролем. Сталкиваясь с ситуациями систематического нарушения негосударственными акторами прав человека, специалисты в области международного права прав человека стали задумываться над теоретическим обоснованием обязательного характера положений о соблюдении и защите прав человека для вооружённых групп. В связи с этим ряд учёных обратился к теории обычного международного права, приемлемость которой исследуется автором данной статьи. В данной статье автор рассматривает положения, лежащие в основе указанной теории, и убедительность аргументации, используемой её сторонниками. На основе анализа природы обычного международного права, его структурных элементов, их толкования Международным судом ООН в своих решениях и соотношения обычного международного права с императивными нормами juscogens делается вывод о том, что на сегодняшний день рассматриваемая теория не в состоянии объяснить наличие у вооружённых групп обязательств в области прав человека.

Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of armed groups involved in armed conflicts around the world, as well as in their impact on the rights and freedoms of the population under their control. Facing various situations of systematic violations of human rights by non-state actors, experts in the field of international human rights law began to consider the theoretical justification for the mandatory nature of the provisions on the observance and protection of human rights for armed groups. In this regard, a number of scholars have turned to the theory of customary international law, the acceptability of which is being investigated by the author of this paper. The author examines the provisions underlying this theory and the persuasiveness of the argumentation used by its supporters. Based on an analysis of the nature of customary international law, its structural elements, their interpretation by the UN International Court of Justice in its decisions and the relationship of customary international law with peremptory norms of jus cogens, the author concludes that the theory under consideration is currently unable to explain the existence of obligations of armed groups in the field of human rights.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.