<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aprp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы российского права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Russian Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-1471</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1994-1471.2024.161.4.178-192</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aprp-4146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРАВОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPARATIVE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возмещение утраты шанса на победу в конкурсах, торгах и судебных процессах в праве Германии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Loss of Chance Damages in Competitions, Tenders and Trials in German Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жильцов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiltsov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жильцов Константин Алексеевич -  аспирант кафедры гражданского права </p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 13 (4‑й учеб. корпус), г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Zhiltsov - Postgraduate Student, Department of Civil Law</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhiltsov.k@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>192</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жильцов К.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жильцов К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhiltsov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://aprp.msal.ru/jour/article/view/4146">https://aprp.msal.ru/jour/article/view/4146</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется проблема возмещения убытков за утрату шанса на наступление благоприятной возможности в будущем (выигрыш в тендере, конкурсе, судебном процессе) и эволюция взглядов на нее в немецком правопорядке. Рассматривается отличие этой концепции от упущенной выгоды. Сделан вывод, что утрата шанса может быть рассмотрена как элемент причинно-следственной связи, ограничивающий размер подлежащих возмещению убытков вероятностью наступления благоприятного последствия, и как отдельное благо, подлежащее гражданско-правовой защите по методике, сходной с применяемой для возмещения «чисто экономических убытков». Отдельно отмечается, что правило о возможности суда определять размер убытков по своему усмотрению в случае неопределенности их размера крайне благоволит возмещению упущенных шансов. Кроме того, рассматривается эффективность возмещения вреда, пропорционального утраченному шансу с точки зрения экономического анализа права. Сравнительно-правовое исследование этого института в иных правопорядках доказывает отсутствие преград к возмещению убытков подобного рода во всех континентальных правопорядках, включая российский.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the problem of compensation for damages for the loss of chance in the future (winning a tender, competition, litigation) and the evolution of views on it in the German legal order. The difference between this concept and loss of profit is considered. It is concluded that the loss of chance can be considered as an element of a cause-and-effect relationship that limits the amount of damages subject to compensation by the probability of a favorable consequence occurring, and as a separate benefit subject to civil protection using a method similar to that used for compensation of «purely economic losses». The author puts a special focus on the rule on the ability of the court to determine the amount of damages at its own discretion in the event of uncertainty in their size, which is extremely favorable to compensation for lost chances. In addition, the effectiveness of compensation for harm proportional to the lost chance is considered from the point of view of economic analysis of law. A comparative legal study of this institution in other legal orders proves the absence of barriers to compensation for losses of this kind in all continental systems of justice, the Russian one included.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деликтное право</kwd><kwd>убытки</kwd><kwd>утрата шанса</kwd><kwd>упущенная выгода</kwd><kwd>чисто экономические убытки</kwd><kwd>причинно-следственная связь</kwd><kwd>пропорциональная ответственность</kwd><kwd>ответственность адвокатов</kwd><kwd>торги</kwd><kwd>экономический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tort law</kwd><kwd>losses</kwd><kwd>loss of chance</kwd><kwd>loss of profit</kwd><kwd>purely economic losses</kwd><kwd>causal relationship</kwd><kwd>proportional liability</kwd><kwd>lawyers’ liability</kwd><kwd>auction</kwd><kwd>economic analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агарков М. Учение о ценных бумагах. — М. : Финстатинформ, 1993. — 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarkov M. Uchenie o tsennykh bumagakh. — M.: Finstatinform, 1993. — 144 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байбак В. В. Утрата благоприятной возможности (loss of a chance) как разновидность договорных убытков // Вестник экономического правосудия Российской Федерации. — 2015. — № 5. — С. 63–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baybak V. V. Utrata blagopriyatnoy vozmozhnosti (loss of a chance) kak raznovidnost dogovornykh ubytkov // Vestnik ekonomicheskogo pravosudiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. — 2015. — № 5. — S. 63–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов Д. Е. Анализ правовых подходов к возмещению чистых экономических потерь в зарубежном праве // Журнал российского права. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 82–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanov D. E. Analiz pravovykh podkhodov k vozmeshcheniyu chistykh ekonomicheskikh poter v zarubezhnom prave // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. — 2012. — № 3. — S. 82–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демм Ж. Реформа немецкого законодательства о защите конкуренции // Lex russica. — 2015. — № 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demm Zh. Reforma nemetskogo zakonodatelstva o zashchite konkurentsii // Lex russica. — 2015. — № 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дондоков А. И. Доктрина Loss of Chance в английском праве // Закон. — 2013. — № 7. — С. 150–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dondokov A. I. Doktrina Loss of Chance v angliyskom prave // Zakon. — 2013. — № 7. — S. 150–155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карапетов А. Г. Модели защиты гражданских прав: экономический взгляд. Части 1, 2 // Вестник экономического правосудия. — 2014. — № 11, 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karapetov A. G. Modeli zashchity grazhdanskikh prav: ekonomicheskiy vzglyad. Chasti 1, 2 // Vestnik ekonomicheskogo pravosudiya. — 2014. — № 11, 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов И. А. Доктрина утраты шанса: общее описание концепции на основе обзора модельных казусов // International Law Journal. — 2021. — Т. 4. — № 5. — С. 151–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov I. A. Doktrina utraty shansa: obshchee opisanie kontseptsii na osnove obzora modelnykh kazusov // International Law Journal. — 2021. — T. 4. — № 5. — S. 151–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коциоль Х.: Блеск и нищета немецкой цивилистической догматики. Немецкое право — пример для Европы? // Вестник гражданского права. — 2012. — № 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotsiol Kh.: Blesk i nishcheta nemetskoy tsivilisticheskoy dogmatiki. Nemetskoe pravo — primer dlya Evropy? // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. — 2012. — № 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овсянникова А. О. Компенсация убытков, вызванных «обманом доверия» к исполнению сделки // Опыты цивилистического исследования : сборник статей / рук. авт. колл. и отв. ред. А. М. Ширвиндт, Н. Б. Щербаков. Вып. 3 : Специальный выпуск к юбилею профессора Евгения Алексеевича Суханова. — М. : Статут, 2019. — С. 247–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovsyannikova A. O. Kompensatsiya ubytkov, vyzvannykh «obmanom doveriya» k ispolneniyu sdelki // Opyty tsivilisticheskogo issledovaniya: sbornik statey / ruk. avt. koll. i otv. red. A. M. Shirvindt, N. B. Shcherbakov. Vyp. 3: Spetsialnyy vypusk k yubileyu professora Evgeniya Alekseevicha Sukhanova. — M.: Statut, 2019. — S. 247–290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский И. А. Основные проблемы гражданского права. — Изд. 3‑е, стер. — М. : Статут, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovskiy I. A. Osnovnye problemy grazhdanskogo prava. — Izd. 3‑e, ster. — M.: Statut, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Силкина Г. Ю. Теория принятия решений и управление рисками. Модели конфликтов, неопределенности, риска : учеб. пособие. — СПб., 2003. — 72 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silkina G. Yu. Teoriya prinyatiya resheniy i upravlenie riskami. Modeli konfliktov, neopredelennosti, riska: ucheb. posobie. — SPb., 2003. — 72 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шапп Я. Система германского гражданского права : учебник / пер. с нем. С. В. Королева. — М. : Международные отношения, 2006. — 357 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapp Ya. Sistema germanskogo grazhdanskogo prava: uchebnik / per. s nem. S. V. Koroleva. — M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2006. — 357 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baron M., Marx F. Das neue Kartellgesetz: Einführung in die 6. GWB-Novelle und das Vergaberecht. 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baron M., Marx F. Das neue Kartellgesetz: Einführung in die 6. GWB-Novelle und das Vergaberecht. 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bussani M., Palmer V. V. Pure economic loss in Europe. — Cambridge, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bussani M., Palmer V. V. Pure economic loss in Europe. — Cambridge, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleischer H. Gelöste und ungelöste Probleme der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Geschäftschancenlehre // 2003 Neue Zeitschrift fur Gesellschaftsrecht.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleischer H. Gelöste und ungelöste Probleme der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Geschäftschancenlehre // 2003 Neue Zeitschrift fur Gesellschaftsrecht.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleischer H. Schadensersatz für verlorene Chancen im Vertrags- und Deliktsrecht // Juristenzeitung, Zugleich Kölner Habilitationsvortrag, 1999. — P. 766–775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleischer H. Schadensersatz für verlorene Chancen im Vertrags- und Deliktsrecht // Juristenzeitung, Zugleich Kölner Habilitationsvortrag, 1999. — P. 766–775.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graziano T. K. The «Loss of a Chance» in European Private Law: «All or Nothing» or Partial Compensation in Cases of Uncertainty of Causation // Causation in Law. — Prague : Univerzita Karlowa, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graziano T. K. The «Loss of a Chance» in European Private Law: «All or Nothing» or Partial Compensation in Cases of Uncertainty of Causation // Causation in Law. — Prague: Univerzita Karlowa, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grunewald B. Die Haftung des Anwalts für fehlerhafte Beratung des Mandaten nach neuem Recht // AnwBL. — 5/2002. — P. 258–261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grunewald B. Die Haftung des Anwalts für fehlerhafte Beratung des Mandaten nach neuem Recht // AnwBL. — 5/2002. — P. 258–261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kershaw D. Lost in Translation: Corporate Opportunities in Comparative Perspective // Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. — 2005. — Vol. 25. — No. 4. — P. 603–630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kershaw D. Lost in Translation: Corporate Opportunities in Comparative Perspective // Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. — 2005. — Vol. 25. — No. 4. — P. 603–630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lange H., Schiemann G. Schadensersatz. — Mohr Siebeck Verlag, 2003. — 826 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lange H., Schiemann G. Schadensersatz. — Mohr Siebeck Verlag, 2003. — 826 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnus U. Causation in German Tort Law // Unification of Tort Law: Causation / ed. by J. Spier. — Hague : Kluwer Law International, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnus U. Causation in German Tort Law // Unification of Tort Law: Causation / ed. by J. Spier. — Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mäsch G. Chance und Schaden. — Mohr Siebeck Verlag, 2004. — 468 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mäsch G. Chance und Schaden. — Mohr Siebeck Verlag, 2004. — 468 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBride N., Bagshaw R. Tort law. — 4th ed. — Pearson, 2012. — 934 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBride N., Bagshaw R. Tort law. — 4th ed. — Pearson, 2012. — 934 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller-Stoy W.: Schadensersatz fur verlorene Chancen — eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung — Freiburg, 1973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller-Stoy W.: Schadensersatz fur verlorene Chancen — eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung — Freiburg, 1973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson W. Overdeterrence and the Problem of Comparative Risk // Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science. — 1988. — No. 37(1). — P. 42–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson W. Overdeterrence and the Problem of Comparative Risk // Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science. — 1988. — No. 37(1). — P. 42–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peel W. E., Goudkamp J. Winfield &amp; Jolowicz on Tort. — 19th ed. — Thomson Reuters, 2014. — 1010 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peel W. E., Goudkamp J. Winfield &amp; Jolowicz on Tort. — 19th ed. — Thomson Reuters, 2014. — 1010 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pure Economic Loss / ed. by W. H. van Boom, H. Koziol, C. A. Witting. — 2004. — 59 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pure Economic Loss / ed. by W. H. van Boom, H. Koziol, C. A. Witting. — 2004. — 59 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson G. Probabilistic Causation and Compensation for Tortious Risk Critical Issues in Tort Law Reform: A Search for Principles // 14 Journal of Legal Studies. — 1985. — P. 779–798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson G. Probabilistic Causation and Compensation for Tortious Risk Critical Issues in Tort Law Reform: A Search for Principles // 14 Journal of Legal Studies. — 1985. — P. 779–798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schäfer H.‑В., Ott C. Lehrbuch der ökonomischen Analyse des Zivilrechts. — 5. Auflage. — Springer Gabler, 2012. — 826 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schäfer H.‑V., Ott C. Lehrbuch der ökonomischen Analyse des Zivilrechts. — 5. Auflage. — Springer Gabler, 2012. — 826 S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shavell S. Economic Analysis of Accident Law. — Harvard University Press, 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shavell S. Economic Analysis of Accident Law. — Harvard University Press, 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Limits Liability; Keeping the Floodgates Shut / J. Spier (ed.). — The Hague : Kluwer Law International, 1996. — 196 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Limits Liability; Keeping the Floodgates Shut / J. Spier (ed.). — The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996. — 196 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stauch M. The Law of Medical Negligence in England and Germany: A Comparative Analysis. — Hart Publishing, 2008. — 182 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stauch M. The Law of Medical Negligence in England and Germany: A Comparative Analysis. — Hart Publishing, 2008. — 182 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viney G. Traite de droit civil [t. 2], Les obligations [v. 2.1], La responsabilite: conditions. — 1080 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viney G. Traite de droit civil [t. 2], Les obligations [v. 2.1], La responsabilite: conditions. — 1080 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinrib J. E. The Idea of Private Law. — Harvard University Press, 1995. — 237 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinrib J. E. The Idea of Private Law. — Harvard University Press, 1995. — 237 p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
