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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aprp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы российского права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Russian Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-1471</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1994-1471.2026.184.3.169-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aprp-5711</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOREIGN EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль прокурора в работе большого жюри в США: манипуляция правосудием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of the Prosecutor in the Work of the Grand Jury in the United States: Manipulation of Justice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5687-2114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуканов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gukanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуканов Александр Викторович - аспирант, преподаватель кафедры уголовного процесса и криминалистики юридического факультета, адвокат, управляющий партнер АБ «ПромБизнесКонсалтинг».</p><p>22‑я линия Васильевского острова, д. 7, Санкт-Петербург, 199106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Gukanov - Postgraduate Student, Lecturer, Department of Criminal Procedure and Forensic Science, Faculty of Law, St. Petersburg SU, Lawyer, Managing Partner, PromBusinessConsulting Law Firm.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.gukanov@prombk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; АБ «ПромБизнесКонсалтинг»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University; PromBusinessConsulting Law Firm</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуканов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуканов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gukanov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://aprp.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5711">https://aprp.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5711</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется роль прокурора в работе большого жюри (grand jury) в уголовном процессе США, рассматриваются исторические аспекты становления данного института, его современные функции и проблемы практического применения. Особое внимание уделено трансформации первоначальной идеи большого жюри как независимого органа общественного контроля («власть щита») в инструмент обвинительной власти («власть меча»), что во многом обусловлено доминированием прокурора в его деятельности. Анализ американских судебных прецедентов (United States v. Calandra, United States v. Dionisio, In re Grand Jury Subpoena (Judith Miller) и др.), а также статистических данных Министерства юстиции США показал, что в подавляющем большинстве случаев (около 97 %) решения большого жюри совпадают с позицией прокурора. Впервые всесторонне рассматриваются вопросы следственных полномочий прокурора и его взаимодействия с большим жюри. Автор приходит к заключению, что такая зависимость органа, задуманного как барьер против произвола, от обвинительной власти нарушает баланс интересов защиты и обвинения. Сравнение американской модели с континентальной традицией, не разрешающей использовать недопустимые доказательства, позволяет критически оценить эффективность и справедливость исследуемого института. Делается вывод о том, что чрезмерная концентрация полномочий в руках прокурора ведет к деформации принципа справедливости и существенному ограничению возможностей граждан в реализации права на судебную защиту.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the role of the prosecutor in the work of the grand jury in the criminal procedure in the United States, considers the historical aspects of the formation of this institution, its modern functions and problems of practical application. Particular attention is given to the transformation of the original idea of the grand jury as an independent body of public control («the power of the shield») into an instrument of prosecutorial power («the power of the sword»), which is largely due to the dominance of the prosecutor in its activities. An analysis of American judicial precedents (United States v. Calandra, United States v. Dionisio, In re Grand Jury Subpoena (Judith Miller), etc.), as well as statistical data from the US Department of Justice, showed that in the overwhelming majority of cases (about 97 %), the decisions of the grand jury coincide with the position of the prosecutor. For the first time, the prosecutor’s investigative powers and his interaction with the grand jury are examined in detail. The author concludes that such dependence of a body conceived as a barrier against arbitrariness on the prosecutorial power violates the balance of interests of the defense and the prosecution. Comparing the American model with the continental tradition, which does not permit the use of inadmissible evidence, allows us to critically evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of the institution under study. It is concluded that excessive concentration of powers in the hands of the prosecutor leads to a distortion of the principle of justice and a significant limitation of the ability of citizens to exercise the right to judicial protection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уголовный процесс США</kwd><kwd>прокурор</kwd><kwd>большое жюри</kwd><kwd>следственные полномочия прокурора</kwd><kwd>дискреция прокурора</kwd><kwd>допустимость доказательств</kwd><kwd>доступ к правосудию</kwd><kwd>сделка о признании вины</kwd><kwd>манипуляция правосудием</kwd><kwd>принудительный допрос</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>US criminal procedure</kwd><kwd>prosecutor</kwd><kwd>grand jury</kwd><kwd>prosecutorial investigative powers</kwd><kwd>prosecutorial discretion</kwd><kwd>admissibility of evidence</kwd><kwd>access to justice</kwd><kwd>plea bargaining</kwd><kwd>manipulation of justice</kwd><kwd>coercive interrogation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуценко К. 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