Application of Business Liabilities Rules to Relations Arising from Corporate Contracts

The 2015 reform of liabilities and contract law expressed in a clearer manner the division of obligations into those related to the implementation of business operations (b2b — business liabilities themselves, b2c) and those not related to the implementation of business operations (c2c). Given this division, the issue of classification of relations that arise from corporate contracts seems problematic. The paper determines that such relations are binding, but the question of which liability rules are to be applied remains open. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation only fragmentarily indicates the application of the rules on business liabilities to relations arising from a corporate contract. The position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Discussion contributes to the discussion of the issue. It states that relations related to the exercise of corporate rights do not relate to business, but to other economic operations, which makes it difficult to apply the rules specifically to business liabilities. At the same time, the author proposes to classify corporate contracts liabilities as business if the persons concluding a corporate contract are affiliated with this legal entity or if, because of the conclusion of a corporate contract, its participants become affiliated persons.

corporate contract, corporate relations, contractual relationship, business liabilities, consumer, business operations, economic activity, affiliation, affiliates, corporation, entity

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