Obstruction of the Legitimate Professional Activities of Journalists: Object, Victim and Subject of the Crime Issues

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the object of the main corpus delicti, provided for by Art. 144 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which remains debatable. The essence of obstruction of the legitimate professional activities of journalists by forcing them to disseminate or to refuse to disseminate information is examined. A new interpretation of the immediate object of crime is given. The author identifies two immediate objects: the main are the media as a subsystem (structural element) of the political system; additional — personal integrity. According to the author, such a ratio of primary and secondary immediate objects corresponds to theoretical principles, according to which they should cover public relations protected by the norms of various chapters of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. As part of a crime under Art. 144 of the Criminal Code, the author identifies the victim as an optional feature of the object and concludes that in the crime in question the effect is not on the information that the journalist is going to distribute, but on himself, since it is he who is forced to commit or refuse to perform certain actions.

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