On the Problem of Distinguishing between the Closest Connection Principle and Basic Conflict of Laws Rules

The fine line is explored between the application of the closest connection principle as a general gap-filling conflict of laws rule and the solution the related issue based on conflict of laws rules contained in the customs recognized in the Russian Federation. In the absence of a custom, unambiguously recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 1186 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the author offers to refer to the closest connection principle in accordance with paragraph 2 of the same article. This proposal is justified by the complexity of the formation of a conflict of laws rule in the form of a custom, since it is not actually implemented in regulatory legal relations. The author reveals a vicious circle in which, in strict accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 1186 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the condition for the application of a conflict of laws rule in the form of custom is its recognition in the Russian Federation, which it cannot receive in the absence of application. At the same time, when determining the closest connection, special attention is given to the admissibility of reliance on territorial ties recognized in international documents (recommendatory acts and international treaties not ratified by the Russian Federation, including those that have not entered into force), if they correspond to the specifics of a particular relationship.

1. Aleksandrov N. G. Zakonnost’ i pravootnosheniya v sovetskom obshchestve. — M. : Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo yuridicheskoj literatury, 1955. — 176 s.

2. Aslanyan N. P. Nekotorye voprosy teorii ohranitel’nyh pravootnoshenij // Zashchita chastnyh prav: problemy teorii i praktiki : materialy 3-j Ezhegodnoj mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (g. Irkutsk, 19–20 sentyabrya 2014 g.) / pod red. N. P. Aslanyan, Yu. V. Vinichenko. — Irkutsk : Izdatel’stvo BGUEP, 2014. — S. 7–18.

3. Aslanyan N. P. O sostoyanii teorii ohranitel’nyh pravootnoshenij // Zashchita chastnyh prav: problemy teorii i praktiki : materialy 4-j Ezhegodnoj mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (g. Irkutsk, 20 marta 2015 g.) / pod red. N. P. Aslanyan, Yu. V. Vinichenko. — Irkutsk : Izdatel’stvo BGUEP, 2015. — S. 7–16.

4. Aslanyan N. P. Razvitie teorii ohranitel’nogo prava // Effektivnost’ prava: problemy teorii i praktiki : materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (g. Krasnodar, 10–11 oktyabrya 2014 g.). — Krasnodar : Kubanskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2014. — S. 868–878.

5. Asoskov A. V. Kollizionnoe regulirovanie dogovornyh obyazatel’stv. — M. : M-Logos, 2017. — 640 s.

6. Erpyleva N. Yu. Ponyatie, predmet i sistema mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Advokat. — 2004. — № 6–9.

7. Erpyleva N. Yu., Get’man-Pavlova I. V. Problemy kodifikacii rossijskogo zakonodatel’stva po mezhdunarodnomu chastnomu pravu // Advokat. — 2008. — № 1.

8. Zykin I. S. Obychai i obyknoveniya v mezhdunarodnoj torgovle // Yuridicheskie aspekty osushchestvleniya vneshneekonomicheskih svyazej : Trudy kafedry mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo i grazhdanskogo prava / Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj institut mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij. — M., 1979. — S. 55–63.

9. Ioffe O. S., Shargorodskij M. D. Voprosy teorii prava. — M. : Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo yuridicheskoj literatury, 1961. — 381 s.

10. Kanashevskij V. A. Koncepciya beneficiarnoj sobstvennosti v rossijskoj sudebnoj praktike (chastnopravovye aspekty) // Zhurnal rossijskogo prava. — 2016. — № 9. — S. 27–38.

11. Kanashevskij V. A. O prave, primenimom k ofshornym trastam, i ob ih priznanii // Zakon. — 2013. — № 4. — S. 63–67.

12. Kudashkin V. V. Princip tesnoj svyazi v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // SPS «Konsul’tantPlyus», 2004.

13. Kudashkin V. V. Princip tesnoj svyazi v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave: teoriya i praktika // Zakonodatel’stvo i ekonomika. — 2004. — № 9.

14. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo : uchebnik / pod red. G. K. Dmitrievoj. — M. : Prospekt, 2016. — 680 s.

15. Motovilovker E. Ya. Teoriya regulyativnogo i ohranitel’nogo prava / pod red. O. Ya. Baeva. — Voronezh : Izdatel’stvo Voronezhskogo universiteta, 1990. — 136 s.

16. Muromcev S. A. Opredelenie i osnovnoe razdelenie prava. — M. : Yurajt, 2020. — 170 s.

17. Novikova T. V. K voprosu ob ohranitel’nyh pravootnosheniyah v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Zashchita chastnyh prav: problemy teorii i praktiki : materialy 5-j Ezhegodnoj mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoprakticheskoj konferencii (g. Irkutsk, 21 maya 2016 g.) / pod red. N. P. Aslanyan, Yu. V. Vinichenko. — Irkutsk : Izdatel’stvo BGU, 2017. — S. 148–157.

18. Problemy obshchej teorii prava i gosudarstva : uchebnik / pod red. V. S. Nersesyanca. — M. : Norma: Infra-M, 2010. — 816 s.

19. Ramzajcev D. F. O znachenii obychaev v mezhdunarodnoj torgovle // Vneshnetorgovye obychai : materialy k zasedaniyu sekcii prava Vsesoyuznoj torgovoj palaty. — M. : Tipografiya Vsesoyuznoj torgovoj palaty, 1957. — S. 3–7.