The Balance between the Legal Norms of Treaties and National Legislation of Israel in the field of the Right to Marriage and Family. Regulation of the Divorce Procedure for Mixed (Interfaith) Couples

The paper considers one of the most specific systems of law that includes modern democratic norms of law and conservative, religious traditions. This system of law is the national family law of the State of Israel. The centuries-old religious norms of law in the field of marriage and family relations remained archaic until the declaration of Israel’s independence. This resulted in the creation of a new national system of legislation that met international standards. However, due to the importance of preserving traditions, as well as the zealous attitude to their observance on the part of religious groups living in Israel, the norms of religious law in the field of marriage and family relations have become an obligatory part of the legislation in this area of law. At the same time, being a progressive state to the extent possible, Israel is constantly developing the legal framework in the field of human rights, especially the right to marriage and family, in accordance with all the norms of treaties to which it is a signatory. The norms of Jewish law, Muslim law are an obligatory part of the laws of the State of Israel, in particular in regulating the divorce procedure. The divorce among Jewish couples, as well as Muslim couples, is carried out in accordance with the norms of the religious law of each denomination, which are enshrined in the regulatory legal acts of the State of Israel. However, cases of termination of marital relations of mixed (interfaith) couples are not an exception. In connection with the complication of relations at the present stage, it is necessary to constantly develop legislation in the field of divorce procedure, especially in cases of termination of marital relations of mixed (interfaith) couples, so that prevent any form of discrimination.

1. Korolev Yu. A. Suprugi, roditeli, deti. — M. : Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1985. — 176 s.

2. Koen M., Dalumi R. Knigi zakonodatelstva. Semejnoe pravo. — Ierusalim, 2018. — 304 s.

3. Primakov D. Ya. Istoriya evrejskogo i izrailskogo prava. — M. : Infotropik Media, 2015. — 212 s.

4. Safronova S. S. Gaagskie konvencii o zaklyuchenii i prekrashchenii braka // Aktualnye problemy politiki i prava: mezhvuzovskij sbornik nauchnyh statej. — Penza: Inform.-izd. centr PGU, 2003. — Vyp. B. — S. 163–169.

5. Shifman P. Semejnoe pravo v Izraile. — Evrejskij universitet Ierusalima, 1995. — 444 s.

6. Arthur M. Child Marriage Laws around the World: Minimum Marriage Age, Legal Exceptions, and Gender Disparities // Journal of Women, Politics & Policy. — 2018. — Vol. 39. — P. 51–74.

7. Birnbaum P. Encyclopedia of Jewish Concepts. — New York: Hebrew Publishing Co, 1964. — 722 p.

8. Freedman E. Family law in Israel: Overview // International Family Law. — 2018. — January.

9. Freedman E. Religious Divorce in Israel // International Family Law. — 2000. — April. — P. 19–21.

10. Frimer D. I. Israel Civil Courts and Rabbinical Courts Under One Roof // Israel Law Review. — 1990. — Vol. 24. — P. 553–559.

11. Kaplan Y. S. Enforcement of Divorce Judgments in Jewish Courts in Israel: The Interaction Between Religious and Constitutional Law // Middle East Law and Governance. — 2012. — № 4. — P. 1–68.

12. Meacham T. (leBeit Yoreh). Legal-Religious Status of the Married Woman // The Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. — Jewish Women’s Archive. — URL: jwa.org.

13. Raday F. Traditionalist Religious and Cultural Challengers — International and Constitutional Human Rights Responses. — Cambridge University Press and The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2008.

14. Reilly N. Women’s human rights: seeking gender justice in a globalizing age. — Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA: Polity, 2009. — 218 p.

15. Schellekens J., Gliksberg D. The Decline in Marriage in Israel, 1960–2007: Period or Cohort Effect? // European Journal of Population. — 2018. — P. 119–142.

16. Shetreet S., Homolka W. Jewish and Israeli Law. An Introduction. — De Gruyter, 2021. — 580 p.

17. Shiloh I. S. Marriage and Divorce in Israel // Israel Law Review. — 1970. — Vol. 5. — P. 479–498.

18. Sutherland E. E. Can International Conventions Drive Domestic Law Reform? The Case of Physical Punishment of Children // Family Law: Processes, Practices and Pressures / J. J. Dewar & S. Parker (eds.). — Portland, OR, USA: Hart Publishing, 2003. — P. 475–489.

19. Weiss S. M., Gross-Horowitz N. C. Marriage and Divorce in the Jewish State: Israel’s Civil War. — Brandeis University Press, 2012. — 240 p.