Legal Nature of a Share in Joint Shared Property

One of the most difficult and oldest issues of shared ownership is the legal nature of a share in joint shared property. Since the time of Roman law, legal scholars have not been able to come to an unambiguous solution to this problem. The paper analyzes the basic concepts of the legal nature of the share in joint shared property proposed by the scientific legal community and the legislator. Four main concepts are subject to detailed research: a) the concept of an ideal share in a thing; b) the concept of a real share in a thing; c) the concept of a share in the value of a thing; d) the concept of a share in ownership. The author describes advantages and disadvantages of a particular concept. The paper determines the inconsistency of the current Russian legislation in determining the essence and purpose of the share in joint shared property. It is concluded that it is impossible to create an ideal concept. The author believes that the share in the ownership of a shared thing should be considered not as part of the ownership (since the ownership right is uniform), but as a special restriction of the full-fledged ownership, expressed in a numerical coefficient. It is necessary to determine this numerical coefficient mainly for solving organizational issues (establishing the order of the use, management of the commons, etc.) and when dividing the shared property: when the legislator uses the majority principle in making decisions regarding the shared property and only when dividing the shared thing when the legislator uses the principle of unanimity. The author proposes the most acceptable, in the author’s opinion, concept of the legal nature of the share in the joint shared property.

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