Fulfillment of an Obligation when it is Assigned to a Third Party and to a Group of Bank Accounts: Comparative Characteristics

Since June 1, 2018, a new form of intra-group loan has appeared in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation — groups of bank accounts, when all or some bank accounts of one or more persons (individuals or legal entities) can be combined into one group of accounts. Such a group is established to transfer funds if they are insufficient to the account of one of the group members or if there are insufficient funds on one of the accounts belonging to the group and belonging to one person. The doctrine disputes the need to introduce a group of bank accounts into the legal field due to its alleged fraud and the possibility of its replacement by other legal structures, in particular by assigning the performance of an obligation to a third party. The paper provides a comparative analysis of these two legal structures — imposing performance of an obligation on a third party and on a group of bank accounts. Few common features of these two constructions are investigated — the debtor is not discharged from responsibility for the obligation, and the creditor, as a general rule, is obliged to accept performance. A number of differences have been identified, in more than 10 points, in particular according to the nature of the obligation, formalization of these relations, the subject composition, etc. The author explains the advantages of a group of bank accounts in comparison with the assignment of the obligation to a third party. It is concluded that a group of bank accounts is an independent form of financing for subjects of civil law different from imposing the performance of obligations on a third party.

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