Legal Framework for Clearing and Settlement in the Banking System of Russia

The paper analyzes the legal framework for the clearing system in the Russian Federation and its place in the system of cashless transactions and formulates the main characteristics of clearing. The distinctive features of the process are identified. It is noted that clearing is not a contract, but a set of consistently performed actions aimed at identifying and calculating the mutual obligations of the parties. It is important to mention the stages of clearing and settlement identified by the author that result in charging/crediting the payment clearing position as to the bank accounts of the settlement participants. The importance of clearing of wire transfers between banks participating in gross and clearing payment systems is emphasized. The advantages and disadvantages of clearing and settlement systems are noted. The author pays attention to the institution of the central counterparty, the central clearing counterparty and their functions in the framework of the settlement transaction between payers and recipients, the role of the central counterparty, the central clearing counterparty in minimizing the risks of defaults in payments.

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