Classification of Deepfake Fraud and Cyber Kidnapping

The development of artificial intelligence technologies naturally entails the transformation of digital crime and the emergence of completely new types of crimes previously unknown to domestic criminal legislation. The use of deepfake technologies in committing fraud, as well as the so-called cyber kidnapping of a person (persuading him under deception to leave his place of residence and hide from his relatives) with the purpose of extorting a ransom for his «release» is a completely new form of cybercrime, the social danger of which is recognized at the highest legislative level. The classification of the above-mentioned acts under the current criminal law is of necessity and does not fully cover the elements of the crime, primarily its objective side. In this regard, the author proposes two ways of developing criminal legislation: the introduction of criminal liability for the use of deepfake technologies when committing encroachments on property relations in a separate provision of the law or as classifying features of existing bodies of crimes. The second option is an explanation by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as to specification of the methods of committing such crimes and actions as part of the objective side of illegal deprivation of liberty, which will make it possible to form a uniform judicial practice.

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