Doctrinal-Methodological and Practical Aspects of Social and Legal Protection and Upbringing of Orphans and Children Deprived of Parental Care at the Present Stage of Russian Society’s Development

Modern Russia emerged as a consequence of the geopolitical rupture of the system of legal relations that marked the dissolution of the USSR. The profound dismantling of a closed system of economic relations predetermined a period of social crises across the post-Soviet area, a natural outcome of which was the phenomenon of mass orphanhood. The adoption by the Russian Federation of internationally recognized principles for the protection of children led to the proclamation of a paradigm prioritizing family-based upbringing. The Soviet policy of all-encompassing institutional upbringing of children in the system of state agencies was substituted by the strategy aimed at deinstitutionalization of organizations for orphans and children deprived of parental care. The paper examines the evolution of legal approaches and the legislative framework ensuring the realization of children’s rights in the new legal and economic reality. It also identifies and characterizes specific contemporary forms of care for orphans and children without parental care at the current stage of Russia’s social development.

1. Antokolskaya M. V. Semeynoe pravo. — 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. — M.: Norma, 2013. — 431 s.

2. Brutman V. Sotsialnoe sirotstvo: po puti otchayaniya // Narodnoe obrazovanie. — 2009. — № 9. — S. 22–27.

3. Drozhzhina I. V. Dogovor o priemnoy seme: ponyatie i osobennosti zaklyucheniya // Yuridicheskaya nauka — 2011. — № 2. — S. 30–32.

4. Zhvitiashvili A. Sh. Anderklass v klassovo-stratifikatsionnoy strukture rossiyskogo obshchestva // Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. — 2007. — № 2. — S. 120–127.

5. Zadesenskaya Ya. V., Smolina L. A.: Institut usynovleniya v Rossii i stranakh Evropy: sravnitelnoe teoretikopravovoe issledovanie: monografiya. — M.: Yurlitinform, 2014. — 189 s.

6. Zezina M. R. Sistema sotsialnoy zashchity detey-sirot v SSSR // Pedagogika. — 2000. — № 3. — S. 58–67.

7. Kirillova E. A. Krug naslednikov po zakonu v grazhdanskom prave Rossii: rasshirenie deystviya printsipa krovnogo i sotsialnogo rodstva // Voprosy sovremennoy yurisprudentsii: materialy XXVII Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (31 iyulya 2013 g.). — Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2013. — S. 23–29.

8. Korsunskiy B. L., Leonov S. N. Depressivnyy rayon v perekhodnoy ekonomike. — Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1999. — 155 s.

9. Manzhula E. V. Aktualnye problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya deyatelnosti semeynykh vospitatelnykh grupp // Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Obshchestvennye nauki. — 2011. — № 2 (162). — S. 85–88.

10. Oshanin M. A. O prizrenii pokinutykh detey // Trudy sezda po obshchestvennomu prizreniyu, sozvannogo ministerstvom vnutrennikh del 11–16 maya 1914 g. T. 1: Doklady i zhurnaly zasedaniy. Chast 2: Doklady. — Petrograd, 1914. S. 1–12.

11. Postateynyy kommentariy k Semeynomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Federalnomu zakonu «Ob opeke i popechitelstve» / pod red. P. V. Krasheninnikova. — 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. — M.: Statut, 2010. — 695 s.

12. Pchelintseva L. M. Semeynoe pravo Rossii. — 6-e izd., pererab. i dop. — M.: Norma, 2012. — 719 s.

13. Sotsialno-pedagogicheskie tekhnologii semeynogo ustroystva i vospitaniya detey-sirot i detey, ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditeley: ucheb.-metod. posobie / pod red. G. I. Klimantovoy. — M.: Izd-vo RGSU, 2008. — 192 s.

14. Tyapkina T. Yu. Sirotstvo v SSSR: prichiny i obshchee sostoyanie problemy // Evraziyskiy soyuz uchenykh. — 2015. — № 4-11 (13). — S. 29–32.

15. Filipova A. G. Profilaktika sotsialnogo sirotstva v 1990-e gody: regionalnyy opyt // Almanakh sovremennoy nauki i obrazovaniya. — 2007. — № 5. — S. 235–237.

16. Tsinchenko G. M., Orlova I. S. Politika deinstitutsionalizatsii sirotskikh uchrezhdeniy v Rossii: sdvig paradigmy // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. — 2020. — № 455. — S. 84–90.

17. Shershenevich G. F. Uchebnik russkogo grazhdanskogo prava. — M.: Spark, 1995. — 556 s.