An Offer as a Legal Regulatory Instrument for Entrepreneurial Activity with the Use of Marketplaces: The Case Study of «Ozon» and «Wildberries»

The author carried out a comprehensive analysis of offers made by the two largest marketplaces on the Russian market, namely, «Ozon» and «Wildberries». The relevance of the problem is due to the following factors. Currently, marketplaces act as a kind of a driver, locomotive of the development of the domestic economy, creating jobs, giving a huge number of small, medium-sized and individual enterprises an opportunity to develop. At the same time, despite a widespread and active interaction with marketplaces of tens of millions of Russian citizens, their activities remain, by and large, beyond the framework of comprehensive legal regulation, and they largely do not fall under the close attention of the Russian law and order. Interaction of sites with citizens and sellers is carried out primarily on the basis of their own agreements — offers that often provide marketplaces with a wide scope for abuse of rights and contain a number of controversial provisions. The paper discusses the key terms and conditions of contracts of «Ozon» and «Wildberries» with vendors and sellers, and evaluates them taking into account the provisions of Russian law, relevant judicial practice and the doctrine. 

1. Ключевые слова: оферта; договор; маркетплейс; электронная площадка; штраф; отчет продавца; гражданско-правовая ответственность; злоупотребление правом; баланс интересов; дистанционная торговля.

2. Aksenov V. A., Odintsov S. V. Pravovaya priroda marketpleysov // Vestnik Baltiyskogo federalnogo universiteta imeni I. Kanta. Seriya «Gumanitarnye i obshchestvennye nauki». — 2024. — № 1. — S. 5–21.

3. Belov V. A. Tsifrovoe posrednichestvo i potrebitelskie otnosheniya: pravovaya priroda i otvetstvennost // Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava. — 2022. — № 17 (8). — S. 68–82.

4. Kovalenko A. I. Setevoy effekt kak priznak dominiruyushchego polozheniya tsifrovykh platform // Sovremennaya konkurentsiya. — 2020. — T. 14. — № 1 (77). — S. 18–36.

5. Levushkin A. N. Obespechenie balansa interesov uchastnikov tsifrovogo torgovogo oborota // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.Е. Kutafina (MGYuA). — 2024. — № 1 (8). — S. 158–165.

6. Savoskin A. V., Flikov I. I. Otvetstvennost vladeltsa agregatora i prodavtsa pered potrebitelem po dogovoru kupli-prodazhi na marketpleyse // Territoriya novykh vozmozhnostey. Vestnik Vladivostokskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. — 2023. — T. 15. — № 3. — S. 60–71.

7. LegalTech v sfere predprinimatelskoy deyatelnosti: monografiya / otv. red. I. V. Ershova, O. V. Sushkova. — M.: Prospekt, 2023.