Legal Regimes for Supporting and Developing Technology Startup Projects: An Analysis of Foreign Practices in Selected BRICS Countries

In the current context of dynamic technological development of the economy and the pursuit of technological leadership across various industries, effective support measures, including the legal framework for the activity and development of domestic technology startups, acquire particular significance. Indeed, it is startups, as new business solutions that are just being launched, that have an innovative focus and are capable of ensuring the development and effective implementation of high-tech solutions in production processes, reducing the technological gap, and ensuring solutions to import substitution problems. With an appropriate organizational and legal approach to the operation of such companies, there are substantial prospects for scaling these projects, addressing challenges related to production growth, improving product quality and competitiveness, and entering foreign markets through innovation-based export strategies. At the same time, significant risks remain, stemming from the inherently innovative nature of such activities and the high probability of failing to achieve the required outcomes. The paper examines the experience of Russia, Brazil, India, and China in adopting organizational and legal measures aimed at implementing and supporting technology startup projects.

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