Causes and Results of Subjection of Central Asian Khanates to the Russian Empire (1860—1890s)

The Russian Federation being currently a regional leader in strengthening Eurasian integration, it is necessary to remove contradictions concerning the interpretation of the history of Central Asia’s accedence 1 to the Russian Empire. Thus, it is indisputable that it was the Russian Empire that played a key role in the transition of the peoples of the Central Asian region, on the territory of which there were three major states — Bukhara Emirate, Kokand and Khiva Khanates, to a new level of civilizational, state and legal development.

The paper not only touches upon the reasons, nature of the accession of the Central Asian states to the Russian Empire, but it also carries out a comprehensive analysis of the internal- and foreign-policy situation during the historical period under consideration. The totality of the circumstances makes it possible to answer the following questions: whether the Russian Empire under those conditions had an alternative to armed intervention; whether that intervention was carried out in accordance with the national interests of the peoples of Russia and Central Asia; what changes in the form of governance took place in Central Asian States after they lost political independence.

1. Bartol’d V. V. O hanstvah Buharskom i Hivinskom (1917 g.) // Sankt-Peterburgskij filial Arhiva RAN. - F. 68. Op. 1. - Ed. hr. 77.

2. Tuhtametov T. G. Rossiya i Buharskij emirat v nachale XX v. : monografiya. - Dushanbe : Irfon, 1977. - 207 s.

3. Halfin N. A. Prisoedinenie Srednej Azii k Rossii (60-90-e gody HІH veka). - M. : Nauka, 1965. - 468 s.

4. Brezhneva S. N. Prisoedinenie Turkestana k Rossii : diskussionnye problemy dorevolyucionnoj i sovetskoj istoriografii : monografiya. - Tol’yatti : Tol’yat. gos. akad. servisa, 2004. - 287 s.

5. Glushchenko E. A. Rossiya v Srednej Azii. Zavoevaniya i preobrazovaniya. - M. : Centrpoligraf, 2010. - 312 s.

6. Zoirov D. M. Formirovanie i razvitie nacional’noj gosudarstvennosti v stranah Sodruzhestva Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv (sravnitel’no-pravovoe issledovanie) : dis. ... d-ra yurid. nauk. - SPb., 2004. - 387 s.

7. Logofet D. N. Strana bespraviya. Buharskoe hanstvo i ego sovremennoe sostoyanie. - SPb., 1909. - 239 s.

8. Muhamedina Sh. Vodvorenie russkoj grazhdanstvennosti v Central’noj Azii (1865-1886 gg.) // Vestnik MGOU. Seriya : Istoriya i politicheskie nauk. - 2016. - № 1. - S. 106-122.

9. Pochekaev R. Yu. Rossijskij protektorat nad Buharoj v ocenkah buharskoj elity konca XIX - nachala XX v. // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya : Yuridicheskie nauki. - 2017. - T. 21. - № 4. - S. 508-527.

10. Pochekaev R. Yu. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya statusa rossijskih torgovcev v Buharskom emirate i Hivinskom hanstve vo vtoroj polovine XIX - nachale HH v. // Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriya i sovremennost’. - 2015. - № 6. - S. 38-44.

11. Terent’ev M. A. Hivinskie pohody russkoj armii. - 2-e izd. - M. : Veche, 2016. - 448 s.