Main Directions of «Green» Taxation Regulation for the Business Purposes: Experience of Foreign Countries

The paper examines some aspects of the impact of the «green» economy on transformation of environmental legislation and «green» taxation. At the present stage of economic development in the countries of the European Union, economic models aimed at creating wealth and ensuring economic growth without harming the environment, i.e., the transition to a «green» economy, are being increasingly improved. Modern strategic measures of «green» growth of the European Union countries are directly implemented by the instruments of law and have an impact on the development of entrepreneurship. The author considers the system of «green» taxation existing abroad as an instrument of legal influence on business entities in terms of their compliance with environmental norms and standards. The author examines the types of «green» taxes and their purpose, describes classification criteria that include a purpose of introduction, an object of taxation, a scope of application and a type of economic activity. Special attention is paid to the carbon tax because of increased attention to the amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and an agenda to reduce the carbon footprint. The paper dwells on specific examples of tax regulation abroad and makes proposals for its development. The author highlights the importance of maintaining a balance of interests between the state, society and entrepreneurs when introducing «green» taxation, the need to encourage companies to introduce advanced eco-friendly technologies by providing tax preferences.

1. Ermakova E. A., Tyupakova N. N. Kompleksnaya klassifikaciya ekologicheskih nalogov // Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo socialno-ekonomicheskogo universiteta. — 2018. — № 1 (71). — S. 122–130.

2. Kopina A. A. Nalogovye stimuly energeticheskogo perekhoda i realizacii strategij zelenoj ekonomiki // Finansovoe pravo. — 2021. — № 12. — S. 24–34.

3. Principy chastnogo prava: monografiya / otv. red. T. P. Podshivalov, V. V. Kvanina, M. S. Sagandykova. — M.: Prospekt, 2018. — 400 s.

4. Adolf C., Röhrig K. Green Taxes Aa a means of financing the EU budget: policy options. The Greens / European Free Alliance. — October 2016. — 76 p.

5. Pigou A. C. The Economics of Welfare. — 3rd ed. — London: Macmillan, 1920.

6. Zachmann G., Williams B. M. A European carbon border tax: much pain, little gain // Policy Contribution. — Issue No. 5. — March 2020.