Principles of Bioethics as Unconventional Sources of Intellectual Property Law

In recent years, with the intensive development and spread of biotechnology, there has been more and more discussion about the need to define and apply the principles of bioethics to regulate various legal relations, including the relations that go beyond traditional areas, such as supervision and control of biological research. The provisions of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation prohibit patenting and state registration of the results of intellectual activity contradicting public interests; the principles of humanity and morality deserve special attention. However, these principles are not defined in the legislation. Moreover, a unique legal structure is emerging when soft law and voluntary rules can become a source of prohibitive measures, in particular, deprivation of the right to obtain a patent. In the development of the point of view of A. A. Mokhov and Yu. D. Sergeev regarding the need to consider the principles of bioethics as non-traditional sources of medical law, the author proposed to take into account these principles as non-traditional sources of civil law, in particular intellectual property law. The establishment of exceptions to the objects of patent rights in the context of a weak relationship between patent legal relations and prohibitions applied to certain types of activities need to be discussed separately. It has been proven, that the restrictions on patentability provided for in Part 4 of Article 1349 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are intended to become an additional obstacle to the use of civil law in violation of the foundations of morality, health, rights and interests of other persons. At the same time, the conclusion is justified that exceptions to the objects of patent rights in patent legislation cannot and should not replace the norms of specific legislation devoted to the regulation of prohibitions of certain types of activities and prohibitions of manipulations with certain objects.

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