Contracts for Research, Development and Technological Works: The Implications of the Risk of Non-Achievement of the Intended Result and the Means of Securing the Performance of Obligations

The paper examines contracts for the performance of research, development and technological work as a special civil law form of organizing scientific and scientific-technical activities. It is substantiated that the key significance of this contractual structure lies in the special distribution of the risk of non-achievement of the result. Such a risk cannot be automatically considered as a breach of the contractor's obligation if the impossibility of achieving the result is of an objective nature. It is shown that security structures in the field of research and development (R&D) should be applied taking into account the nature of scientific risk: the monetary obligations of the customer and individual obligations of the contractor may be subject to security, but not the achievement of the scientific result itself. Particular attention is given to the results of scientific activity as possible objects of transactions and supply. It is concluded that there is a need to distinguish between protected intellectual products and other results of R&D that have independent property value. Such results can be considered as a special type of work results under Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The need to develop legislation on the risk of non-achievement of a scientific result and on the transferability of R&D results that are not objects of intellectual property rights is substantiated.

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