Special Knowledge Application in the Prosecutor’s Office Activities

In the paper, given the recent history of prosecutorial supervision, the opinions of prosecutors and scientists, and the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the authors analyze the legislation and court practice on cases when prosecutors engage experts. The forms of special knowledge application in the course of the prosecutor’s supervision are highlighted and specified. The authors formulate recommendations for their design and use both during the prosecutor’s investigation and for further possible legal proceedings. In case the prosecutor’s decision is taken within the framework of the powers granted by the Law on the Prosecutor’s Office, it must be made based on the results of an audit conducted with the participation of a competent person. In cases when the prosecutor’s investigation findings are subsequently result in response measures made up of legal norms in the framework of legal proceedings, the examination must be carried out in court in order to establish the circumstances requiring the use of special knowledge. Special knowledge application in the course of the prosecutor’s investigation becomes the basis for further measures of the prosecutor’s response. The authors substantiate the opinion that the integration of the institution of forensic examination into the implementation of prosecutorial supervision in its pure form is impossible. At the end of the paper, a conclusion is formulated about the forensic significance of this activity, including for an investigator, an inquiry officer at the stage of initiating a criminal case.

1. Antonov O. Yu. Rezul’taty vzaimodejstviya Sledstvennogo komiteta Rossijskoj Federacii s organami prokuratury po vyyavleniyu prestuplenij // Sledstvennyj komitet Rossijskoj Federacii: vtoroe desyatiletie na sluzhbe Otechestvu : materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Moskva, 7 fevralya 2019 g.) / pod obshch. red. A. M. Bagmeta. — M., 2019. — S. 50–56.

2. Bespalova E. I. Ispol’zovanie special’nyh znanij pri osushchestvlenii prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem federal’nogo zakonodatel’stva // Zakonnost’. — 2016. — № 7. — S. 13–15.

3. Berenzon A. D. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya obshchego nadzora sovetskoj prokuratury : dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk : 12.00.02. — M., 1977. — 245 s.

4. Berenzon A. D., Gudkovich Yu. D. Prokurorskij nadzor za ispolneniem zakonov organami vnevedomstvennogo kontrolya i vzaimodejstvie prokurorov s nimi pri osushchestvlenii obshchego nadzora. — M. : Yurid. lit., 1976. — 231 s.

5. Boreckij A. V., Dolezhan V. V. Akty prokuratury po obshchemu nadzoru : ucheb. posobie. — Har’kov, 1983. — 66 s.

6. Vinokurov A. Yu. Privlechenie prokurorom specialista pri provedenii proverki ispolneniya zakona: istoriya voprosa // Administrativnoe i municipal’noe pravo. — 2017. — № 9. — S. 50–63. — DOI: 10.7256/2454- 0595.2017.9.24118.

7. Vinokurov A. Yu. Privlechenie prokurorom specialista pri provedenii proverki ispolneniya zakona // Administrativnoe i municipal’noe pravo. — 2017. — № 10. — S. 16–23. — DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2017.10.24121.

8. Grigorenko V. N. Ispol’zovanie pomoshchi specialistov v rabote prokurora po obshchemu nadzoru : metod. posobie. — M. : VNII problem ukrepleniya zakonnosti i pravoporyadka, 1988. — 52 s.

9. Daev V. G., Marshunov M. N. Osnovy teorii prokurorskogo nadzora. — M. : Izdatel’stvo Leningradskogo un-ta, 1990. — 136 s.

10. Dolezhan V. V. Problemy kompetencii prokuratury : dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk : 12.00.01. — M., 1991. — 514 s.

11. Zhogin N. V. Teoriya dokazatel’stv v sovetskom ugolovnom processe. — M., 1973. — 736 s.

12. Isaenko V. N. Vozmozhnosti ispol’zovaniya rekomendacij kriminalistiki i special’nyh znanij pri osushchestvlenii prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov // Zakonnost’. — 2018. — № 6. — S. 25–29.

13. Kazarina A. H. Predmet i predely prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov // Institut povysheniya kvalifikacii rukovodyashchih kadrov General’noj prokuratury Rossijskoj Federacii. — M., 2005. — 278 s.

14. Lavrova Yu. V. Vzaimodejstvie prokuratury s organami, organizaciyami, uchrezhdeniyami kak odno iz napravlenij sovershenstvovaniya nadzora za soblyudeniem prav lic s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostyami zdorov’ya // Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. — 2019. — T. 25. — № 3. — S. 192–195.

15. Lomovskij V. D. Prokurorskaya proverka ispolneniya zakonov : ucheb. posobie. — Tver’, 1993. — 75 s.

16. Maslova S. V. Aktual’nye voprosy privlecheniya specialistov k provedeniyu prokurorskih proverok ispolneniya zakonodatel’stva, reguliruyushchego upravlenie i rasporyazhenie federal’noj sobstvennost’yu // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. — 2011. — № 11. — S. 178–180.

17. Nikitin E. L. Konceptual’nyj podhod k opredeleniyu funkcij i sistemy polnomochij prokuratury v Rossii // Vestnik Akademii General’noj prokuratury Rossijskoj Federacii. — 2008. — № 6. — S. 58–64.

18. Nikolaeva L. A. Obshchij nadzor v sovetskom gosudarstvennom upravlenii : ucheb. posobie. — L. : Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1979. — 103 s.

19. Proverka prokurorom ispolneniya zakonov : posobie / pod obshch. red. N. V. Subanovoj. — M. : Gen. prokuratura RF, Akademiya Gen. prokuratury RF, 2015. — 124 s.

20. Taratonov I. I. K voprosu o privlechenii i ispol’zovanii prokurorom special’nyh znanij pri osushchestvlenii ugolovnogo presledovaniya po ugolovnym delam o prednamerennyh bankrotstvah // Izvestiya TulGU. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki. — 2016. — № 3-2. — S. 430–435.

21. Paradeeva S. V. Polnomochiya prokurora po organizacii vzaimodejstviya s organami kontrolya za ispolneniem zakonov o trude // Kompetenciya prokuratury SSSR : mezhvuz. sbornik nauch. trudov. — Sverdlovsk : Sverdlovskij yurid. in-t, 1985. — S. 38–45.