Civilization Nature of European Legal Culture

. The paper analyzes the civilizational sources of European legal culture. The relevance of the subject matter can be explained by the complex dynamics of the European cultural tradition that is currently undergoing a transformation. The involvement of various cultural flows in the genesis of the legal essence of Europe complicates the understanding of the modern cultural identity of European law. An important motive for the study was to clarify the place of the Slavic historical tradition of law in the European cultural space. The genesis of the European legal tradition is considered on the basis of the features of the Greco-Roman civilization. The Authors have characterized the features and spiritual (religious) sources of further development of European law, namely: Christianity and Islam. The study also highlights typological legal correlations. It explains the features of the European legal mentality and concludes that a special type of European legal consciousness was formed in the Middle Ages. It combines religious, mental, state-secular and folk elements. The authors draw a conclusion on heterogeneity of the civilizational elements of the European legal culture, the inclusion of various civilizational flows in it — Greco-Roman, Christian (Western and Eastern churches), Muslim and Jewish.

The paper outlines the contours of the split of European legal consciousness in the Middle Ages based on the rupture of the Western and Eastern churches; explains the legal meaning of some elements of doctrinal practice. It provides a civilizational characteristic of the Slavic legal culture, its anti-rationalism and a special type of procedural thinking. It shows the significance of Muslim culture in the development of the European legal tradition; reveals the historical features of the judicial-customary type of European legal civilization. Based on the historical analysis of the formation of the European legal tradition, the authors summarize modern trends in the new integration of European legal identity.

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